81 The coins of one, two and five cents look the same on the obverse - the effigy of the Republic with the word Brasil - and on the reverse - value and year. The 10, 20 and 50 cent ones have the same obverse and on the reverse the value, the year, and representations of the Brazilian economy: steel industry, petroleum industry and naval industry, respective COINS AGAINST HUNGER In 1985, the united Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched the Food for the World campaign, which was engraved onto Brazilian coins as a commemorative edition issued by the Central Bank. The reverse of the coins remained the same as regular cruzeiros, but the obverse of the coins was modified. On the one cruzeiro coins the inscriptions Brasil and Alimentos para o mundo (Food for the world) were added as well as an image of sugarcane. The five cruzeiro coin featured the same inscriptions and a coffee branch. Cruzeiro (Cr$) From 1970 to 1986 Because of the equivalence of “one- to-one” with the cruzeiro novo, the currency returns to its original name. Coins minted in 1970 but dated 1967 were still circulating. In the first family of coins (from 1970 to 1979), the obverse features the effigy of the Republic and the word Brasil. On the reverse of the coins of one, two, and five cents is the value and the age. In those of 10, 20 and 50 cents and in one cruzeiro, the reverse also presents value and age, but each value has a distinct representation: the oil industry, the naval industry and agriculture (with a stylized coffee branch in the design), respectively. In 1979, the second family of coins brings a few modifications. On the reverse, they all have the value, date and microcharacters: The Central Bank symbol and a zimbo shell, used as currency before money was invented. The obverse received new Brazilian symbols and the inscription Brasil. The one cent coins featured beans and soybeans; the one cruzeiro coins, sugarcane; the five cruzeiro coins, coffee branches; the 10 cruzeiro coins, the map of Brazil with the road integration plan of the regions; the 20 cruzeiro coins feature the original drawing of the Church of Saint Francis of Assisi in São João Del Rei (in the state of Minas Gerais); and the 50 cruzeiro coins, the Pilot Plan of Brasília (Federal District). Pg. 57 CASTELO BRANCO Commemorative Coin of the 10th anniversary of Brazilian Central Bank, minted in 1975.The obverse presents the effigy of the President then, Castelo Branco. On the reverse side, the symbolic figure of the Central Bank’s headquarters building in Brasilia. INDEPENDENCE In 1972 coins were made in gold and silver to celebrate the Sesquicentennial of Brazil’s independence. On the obverse, effigies of Dom Pedro I and the then president, Emílio Garrastazu Médici. On the reverse, the map of Brazil. Cruzado (CZ$) From 1986 to 1989 In 1986, there was another change in the monetary standard of Brazil with the launch of the cruzado, an expression linked to the Crusades, military expeditions of the Christian European powers. Brazil was not the first country to have a coin with that name: it is believed that the first cruzado appeared in Spain and was minted in silver. In 1457, Dom Afonso V determined its use in Portugal after the authorization to participate in the Holy War against the Moors. The cruzado had also been part of the circulating medium of Brazil in 1532, during the colonization. Made of 22-carat gold, it bore the caption In Hoc Signo Vinces (Under this sign you will win), which would later be observed in other Brazilian coins. All the coins of that time were identically minted, except for their value - there were pieces of one, five, 10, 20 and 50 cents and one, five and 10 cruzados. On the obverse, the national coat-of-arms and on the reverse, the word Brasil, the value and the date. ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF ABOLITION In 1988, the abolition of slavery in Brazil completed 100 years. To celebrate the date, the Central Bank issued three commemorative coins worth 100 cruzados. Each of them had a different image on the obverse: an Afro-descendant man, an Afro-descendant woman and an Afro-descendant child, along by the inscriptions Centenário da Abolição (Centenary of abolition), 1888 - 1988 and Axé. Cruzado Novo (NCz$) From 1989 to 1990 On January 15, 1989, a provisional measure defined the cruzado novo (new cruzado) as the newmonetary unit, which corresponded to one thousand cruzados. On the day after the new measure, coins of one, five, 10, 20 and 50 cents, as well as those of one and five cruzados were no longer valid, while the coins of 10 cruzados remained current. The 10, 50, 100 and 500 cruzado banknotes were replaced by coins of one, five, 10 and 50 cruzados novos. The reverse was the same in all of them, with a stylized design of the national flag, which allowed the adoption of Braille to identify their value. It also features the National Pavilion with a